3 Museum artifact recognition and user activity
monitoring
Position based (large) object recognition for street scenarios is out of scope of present chapter
and will be described in user mobile device selection chapter. SMARTMUSEUM is not
targeting any new developments in physical layers of wireless communication.
3.1 Optical and RF identification
By museum indoor case, where precise item pointing is essential, two
alternative object recognition technologies can be used: optical 2D
barcode (e.g. QR code, Fig. 1) and short range passive radio
identification (RFID). By both cases labels can be installed on glass
case close to the artifact.
The advantage of optical recognition is that no extra hardware is
needed in case of camera phones, the disadvantages are weak read
dependability and online communication presence required. RFID
tags have countable price of 0.05-2 EUR depending on technology
and require a special reader hardware. Details will be given below.
Advantages are label writability, relatively high read rate for short distances, presence of
internal memory by certain technologies.
In SMARTMUSEUM like applications (e.g. Postmuseum in Stockholm, UbiLife people
support project in Finland
3
) RFID based object recognition is more widely used compared to
barcode labels. Both technologies are used in Japan for outdoor public information services,
including tourist navigation assistance with trends towards RFID technology.
3.2 Selection of SMARTMUSEUM RFID technology
In SMARTMUSEUM application context the RFID system can be characterized by read
range and tag capacity. Only passive, power source less tags are considered for the museum
application. The optimal tag access range for SMARTMUSEUM applications, depending on
average object density on cases shall be around 10cm. Read range mainly depends on
operation frequency and coupling (magnetic or electric field) method. Inductive (magnetic)
link solutions operating in gigahertz range, e.g. short range UHF EPC Gen2
4
RFID or passive
TransferJet
5
are in development phase yet. Therefore, by simplified understanding low
operating frequencies mean short RFID tag access range (< 0.2m) and vice versa by portable
devices. It has to be noticed that operation frequency ranges of readers vary in different
continents, especially important in UHF range and therefore universal UHF mobile RFID
devices are very unlikely to become available. Main properties of leading technologies are
listed in 4.
Based on the data presented in 4 potential candidates for SMARTMUSEUM artifact
recognition technologies are UHF RFID and HF RFID. As stated in D1.1 architecture
3 http://www.ubilife.fi/
4 http://www.epcglobalinc.org/home
5 http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200801/08-002E/index.html
Grant Agreement Number: FP7-216923
Acronym: SMARTMUSEUM
Project title: Cultural Heritage Knowledge Exchange
Platform
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